【美国公民60秒】民主的要素-代表型和信托型代议制度_英语听力练习mp3下载-政治-沪江听力酷

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【美国公民60秒】民主的要素-代表型和信托型代议制度

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1. Key Components of Political Representation

Political representation, on almost any account, will exhibit the following four components:

a. some party that is representing (the representative, an organization, movement, state agency, etc.);

b. some party that is being represented (the constituents, the clients, etc.);

c. something that is being represented (opinions, perspectives, interests, discourses, etc.); and

d. a setting within which the activity of representation is taking place (the political context).

Theories of political representation often begin by specifying the terms for each of these four components. For instance, democratic theorists often limit the types of representatives being discussed to formal representatives — that is, to representatives who hold elected offices. One reason that the concept of representation remains elusive is that theories of representation often apply only to particular kinds of political actors within a particular context. How individuals represent an electoral district is treated as distinct from how social movements or informal organizations represent. Consequently, it is unclear how different forms of representation relate to each other. Andrew Rehfeld (2006) has offered a general theory of representation which simply identifies representation by reference to a relevant audience accepting a person as its representative. One consequence of Rehfeld's general approach to representation is that it allows for undemocratic cases of representation.

However, Rehfeld's general theory of representation does not specify what representative do or should do in order to be recognized as a representative. And what exactly representatives do has been a hotly contested issue. In particular, a controversy has raged over whether representatives should act as delegates or trustees.

Question:

Do you want the representatives to make decisions completely according to your choices, or would you rather trust in their own resourceful decisions?

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本文为美式拼写。译文谨供参考，如有谬误欢迎捉虫 ^ ^

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