2001年，在布达佩斯，由当时被称为开放社会学会（现在叫开发社会基金会）举办的一次关于科学出版的会议造出了“开发获取”这个词。该集会的官方声明要求世界来分享富人的学识给穷人，穷人（的学识）给富人，使得这一文学尽其可能地有用处，并铺下基础给联合人类进行共同的知性对谈，换句话说，让科学论文免费给用户。
In 2001, /in/ a meeting about[/on] scien[tific] publishing held in Budapest by what was then called [the] Open Society Institute, now [the] Open Society Foundation, coined the phrase open-access. The gathering's official statement asked the world to share the learning of the rich with the poor and the poor with the rich, mak[e] this literature as useful as possible[/it can be], and lay the foundation for uniting humanity [in a] common intellectual conversation, in other wards, [to] mak[e] science papers free to users.
一个高尚的抱负，但是犬儒派可能曾今认为这一个没有多大机会取得成果。他们会评价，富人，包括学术出版商，已经享受了三个世纪的支配地位来传播科学工作，这些人也已经拥有接近40%的利润率。他们因此有充分的动机来让变化成为泡影。
A noble aspiration, but [one which] cynics would[might] have thought /this one/ had little chance of coming to fruition. The rich, they would observe, includ[e] academic publishers, [who] have enjoyed three centuries of dominion [over the] disseminati[on of] scien[tific] work, and who [often] have /had a/ profit margin[s] approaching 40%. They thus had every incentive to scupper /the/ change.
然而，犬儒主义，并不总是正确的。那次会议帮助诞生的开发获取活动现在看上去无法遏制。例如，英国所有7家研究委员会，现在要求他们支付的工作结果以某种方式开发获取。其他国家的无数的大学、学会和资助团体（也）有类似的要求。
Cynicism, however, is not always correct. The open-access movement which that[/the] meeting helped spawn now seems[/looks] unstoppable. [All seven of] Britain's /all seven/ research councils, for example, now require [that] the results of the work they pay for become[/are] open-access in some way. Countless universities, societies and fund bodies in other countries have the same[/similar] requirement[s].
开放获取的商业模式把生产期刊的开支从订阅用户（例如大学图书馆）转移到来研究者他们自己，这些人支付一笔文件处理费用（版面费APC）来刊登在出版物或其电子对等物上。无论是何种方式，最终都是纳税者买单。但是开发出版使得研究更容易获得得多，这本身就是一个公众益处。
The open-access business model shifts the cost of producing [the] journals from subscribers, such as university libraries, to researchers themselves who pay an article processing charge (APC) to appear [in] print or its electronic equivalent. Either way, [the] taxpayer picks up the bill in the end. But open publication makes research /much/ more [widely] accessible, which is a public good in its own right.
开放获取带来的一个问题是动机上的转变。更多出版文章意味着更多来自处理费（版面费）的收入。在一个由NPG进行的调查中，44%（的人）表达关于开放获取出版的质量的担忧，而超过1/3的人同意这个想法——它跟更低的威信相联系。
One problem /which/ open-access brings is a shift in incentives. More published articles means more revenue from /article/ processing [charges]. In a survey conducted by NPG, 44[%] expressed [some] concern about the quality of open[-access] publication, and more than 1/3 agreed with the notion that it is associated with less prestige.
7.13
meeting/gathering
on/about
scientific publishing/scientific papers/dissemination of scientific
work
what was then called the Open Society Institute/now the Open Society Foundation
coin the phrase open-access
official statement asked to world to share A with B
share the learning of the rich with the poor and the poor with the rich
make this literature as useful as it can be/ lay the foundation for uniting humanity in a common intellectual conversation/make scientific papers free to users
free/open-access
users/subscribers
a noble aspiration
cynics/cynicism
had little chance of coming to fruition
enjoyed three centuries of dominion over
ave profit margins approaching 40%.
had every incentive to scupper change/ a shift in incentives
change/shift
spawn/give birth/coin the phrase
scupper change/looks unstoppable
All seven of Britain's research councils/universities, societies and funding bodies
require/ask
open-access business model
the cost of producing the journal from subscribers to researchers themselves
pay an article-processing charge (APC) to appear in print or its electronic equivalent
taxpayer picks up the bill in the end
makes research more widely accessible/a public good in its own right.
brings a problem
In a survey conducted by NPG
expressed some concern about/agreed with the notion that
be associated with less prestige
