英国从19世纪就珍视经济混合邻里的理想。其争论是这么说的：穷人聚齐的时候，贫穷和劣势会加剧。反过来，当富人被其他富人所包围的时候，他们受到了不公平的帮助。社交混合应当帮助穷人。它听起来不证自明。然而，绝对不存在严肃的证据来支持这个，Paul Cheshire说，他是伦敦经济学院（LSE）的经济地理学教授。
Britain has prized the ideal of economically mixed neighbourhoods since the 19th century. Poverty and disadvantage [are] intensif[ied] when /the/ poor [people] cluster, runs the argument. Conversely, the rich are unfairly helped when they are surrounded by other rich people. Social mix[ing] ought to help the poor. It sounds self-evident. Yet, there is absolutely no serious proof to support this, says Paul Cheshire, a economic geography professor at London School of Economics (LSE).
而存在着新证据来暗示那是错误的。美国杜克大学的研究者跟踪了英格兰和威尔士超过1600名儿童，从五岁到12岁。他们发现住在主要富裕街区的贫穷男孩是最有可能陷入反社会行为的，从撒谎到说脏话到小型犯罪，诸如打架、商店行窃和破坏公物，根据一份问题行为的常用衡量。不端行为从很小就开始，随着他们长大而加剧。最贫穷街区的贫穷男孩是最不可能陷身玛法的。对于富裕孩子，反过来倒是正的（正好相反）。那些生活在贫穷地区的是更有可能行为不端的。
And there is new evidence to suggest that[/it] is wrong. Researchers at Duke University in America followed over 1600 children [from] age five to age 12 in England and Wales. They found that poor boys living in largely rich[/well-to-do] neighbourhoods [were the] most likely to engage in antisocial behaviour, from lying to swearing to [such] petty misdemeanours /such/ as fighting, shoplifting and vandalism, according to a commonly used measure of problem conducts[/behaviour]. Misbehaviour starts very young and intensifies as they grow [older]. For rich kids, the opposite is true. Those living in poor areas are [morely] likely to misbehave.
研究者为这个提议了好几个理由。比较贫穷地区通常警力重，从而制止了潜在的歹人，有可能是富裕地方的人们也不那么可能辨识出不端行为。跟富人一起生活可能使得穷人更加明显地感知他们自己的贫困，Tim Newburn建议。他是同样在LSE的犯罪学家。那，反过来，增加了疏远的感觉，这种疏远跟反社会做法以及犯罪行为相联系。
Researchers suggest several reasons for this. Poorer areas are often heavily policed, deterring would-be miscreants, it may be that people in rich[/wealthy] places are less likely to spot misbehaviour[, too]. Living alongside [the] rich /people/ may make the poor more keenly aware of their own deprivation, suggests Tim Newburn, a criminologist [who is] also at LSE. That, in turn, increases the feelings of alienation [that are] associat[ed] with antisocial conduct/s/ and criminal behaviour/s/.
对于英格兰学校的调查出现了一个稍微不同的模式。能够得到免费学校餐点——贫穷的代理——的孩子们在包含非常少数其他贫穷孩子的学校做得最好，也许是因为老师们可以给予他们大量的注意。
Research on England's schools turned up a slightly different pattern. Children entitled to free [school] meals /at school/, a proxy [for] poverty, do best in school[s] with[/containing] very few other poor kids[/children], perhaps because teachers can give them a lot[/plenty] of attention.
9.4
prize the ideal of
economically mixed neighbourhoods/Social mixing
Poverty and disadvantage/deprivation/poor
rich/wealthy/well-to-do
cluster/be surrounded by
intensified/helped
self-evident/there is absolutely no serious evidence to support this/new evidence to suggest it is wrong
engage in/ run into trouble
anti-social behaviour/conduct/lying and swearing
petty misdemeanours/ fighting, shoplifting and vandalism
problem behaviour/misbehaviour/misbehave
conversely/the opposite is true
heavily policed, deterring would-be miscreants
Living alongside
more keenly aware of
the feelings of alienation
are associated with
turns up a slightly different pattern
entitled to free school meals, a proxy for poverty
