智商额外加四点，多一年的教育，以及30岁的时候显著增长的收入。那些是曾经被母乳哺育过的福利，根据一份刚刚由巴西佩洛塔斯联邦大学的Bernardo Horta[及其同事]发表于柳叶刀环球健康上的研究。
Four extra points of IQ, an extra year's education and [a] significant[ly] enhanced income at the age of 30. These are the benefits of having been breast-fed, according to a study just published in Lancet Global Health by Bernardo Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas in Brazil[, and his colleagues].
其他调查已经显示母乳哺育拥有有益的长期效果。但是Horta博士的（调查）特别有说服力，因为它观察成年人而不是儿童和青少年，而且因为它反驳了社会等级是个混淆变数这建议——富裕母亲母乳哺育往往多过比贫穷母亲。
Other research has shown[/suggested that] breast-feeding has beneficial long-term effects. But Dr Horta's is particularly persuasive because it looks at adults rather than children and teenagers, and because it contradicts the suggestion that social class is a confounding variable, [with] rich mothers tend[ing] to breast-feed more than poor mothers [do].
在2012年和2013年，Horta博士设法追踪了3493名撑圆，属于一批婴儿期饮食在当时被记录下来，包括他们消化的母乳，问他们一些问题，并给他们一个智商测试。相比那些曾经母乳哺育少于一个月和那些曾被这么哺育超过一年的，Horta博士发现后者的智商比前者高了3.76点，而且他们上学的时间也长了0.91年。收入数据稍微更为复杂些。那些母乳哺育超过一年的拥有收入比那些吸奶少于一个月的高了15%，但是那些母乳哺育了6个月到12个月的做得甚至更好，在55%。这些效果，此外，并没有受到一个研究参与者出生时候一个家庭收入的影响。
In 2012 and 2013, Dr Horta managed to track down 3493 members of [the] cohort whose diet as babies, including their consumption of breast milk, had been recorded at the time, ask them [some] questions, and give them an IQ test. Comparing those who had been breast-fed for less than [a] month and those who had been [so] fed /so/ for more than year, Dr Horta found the latter's IQ was 3.76 points higher than the former's, and [that] they [had] attended school [for] 0.91 year longer. The income data were slightly more complicated. Those /who had been/ breast-fed for more than a year had income[s] 15% higher than those breast-fed[/suckled] for less than a month, but those breast-fed between[/for] six months to 12 months d[id] even better, at 55%. These effects, moreover, were unaffected by the [a] family['s] income at the time a study participant was born.
这的理由们并不为人知，虽然容易猜测。据推测，人奶被演化为人类营养优化。吸奶所涉及的社交接触可能也有一个影响。但是潜在的原因没有结果那么重要。正如温斯顿丘吉尔曾经说过的，对任何社区的投资没有胜过把奶放进宝宝的。在奶字前面加上母，那投资的回报甚至更甚一筹。
The reasons for this is not known, though [it is] easy to speculate. Human milk, presumably, has been optimised for human nutrition by evolution. The social contact involved in suckling may have an effect. But the underlying cause is not as[/less] important [than] the result/s/. As Winston Churchill once said, there is no finer investment [for] a[ny] community than putting milk in[to] babies. Add the word mother['s] in front of milk, [and] the returns [on] that investment get finer still.
9.7
a significantly enhanced income
benefits/beneficial
breast-fed/breast-feed/suckling
long-term effects
particularly persuasive/looks at adults rather than children and teenagers
contradicts
social class is a confounding variable
track down... members/a study participant
underlying causes/reasons
diet as babies/consumption of breast milk/human milk
had been breast-fed/had been so fed
Four extra points of IQ/the latter's IQ was 3.76 points higher than the former's
an extra year's education/attended school for 0.91 years longer.
incomes/ income data were were
be unaffected by /have an effect
speculate/presumably
be optimised for human nutrition by evolution
social contact involved in suckling
there is no finer investment for any community than putting milk into babies
returns on that investment get finer still.
